1. Isingeniso sepayipi lensimbi engenasici
Ipayipi lensimbi engenasici liyinduku yokulwa nokugqwala, okujabulisa ngobuhle, futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu emasimini ahlukahlukene.
Amapayipi ensimbi angenasici enziwa nge-alloy yensimbi, i-chromium, ne-nickel. Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kunikeza insimbi engenacala ukumelana kwayo kokugqwala ngokwakha ungqimba oluncane lwe-oxide ebusweni bepayipi. Lesi singqimba sivikela umbhobho ukugqwala nokugqwala, okwenza kube kuhle ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
Ngokwemiphumela yokucinga, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ayatholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene namabanga. Ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka amapayipi angenamthungo, amapayipi anama-welded, namapayipi adonswe amakhaza. Amamaki amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali angahlukaniswa ezigabeni eziningana, njenge-auntenitic, Ferritic, Duplex, Treaping, Precing Alloy.
Isibonelo, amapayipi ensimbi angenasici, anjenge-304 (0cr18ni9), 321 (1cr18ni9ti), kanye ne-316L (00cr17NI14mo2), asetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina okuphezulu. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, afana nama-409, 410l, no-430, abe nokumelana okuhle okushisa kodwa nokuphikiswa okuphansi kokugqwala. Amapayipi ensimbi angenacala, anjenge-2205 no-2507, anikele ngamandla aphezulu kanye nokuphikiswa okuhle kokugqwala, abenze balungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezifana nezindawo zasolwandle.
Amapayipi ensimbi angenasisekelo asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezinjengekhemikhali, i-petrochemical, ezemithi, ukudla, ukudla, amandla, ukwakhiwa, kanye ne-aerospace. Embonini yamakhemikhali, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziselwa ukuthutha amakhemikhali awonakalisayo. Embonini yokudla, basetshenziselwa ukucubungula ukudla kanye nesitoreji ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo zokuhlanzeka. Embonini yezokwakha, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa nasezinhlelweni zamapayipi.
Ekuphetheni, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali angokwaziswa okubalulekile ngezakhiwo ezihlukile ezibenza zilungele izinhlelo eziningi zezicelo. Ukumelana kwabo kokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nesikhalazo sobuhle sibenza babe ukukhetha okuthandwayo ezimbonini eziningi.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo
2.1 auntenitic insimbi engagqwali
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ayaziwa ngokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, nokuluma okuvelele. Lawa mapayipi anesakhiwo se-cubic crystal egxile ebusweni. Izinto ezifana ne-304 (0cr18ni9), 321 (1cr18ni9ti), kanye ne-316L (00cr17NI14mo2) zisetshenziswa kabanzi. Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kuleli nsimbi kubanikeza ukumelana kokugqwala ngokwakha ungqimba oluncane lwe-oxide ebusweni. Amapayipi ensimbi angenasici angasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa anhlobonhlobo futhi alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezinjengamakhemikhali, ukudla, kanye nokwakha.
2.2 Ferritic Insimbi Pearlic
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali aqalwa ikakhulukazi ngesakhiwo esigxile emzimbeni we-cubic crystal. Izinto ezijwayelekile zifaka ama-409, 410l, no-430. Lawa mapayipi anokumelana kahle nokushisa okushisa okuphezulu kepha ukumelana nokugqwala okuphansi okuqhathaniswa nensimbi ye-auntenitic. Imvamisa isetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukumelana kwamazinga okushisa kodwa imvelo ayiyonakalisi ngokweqile. Ngokwemiphumela yokucinga, insimbi engenacala e-Ferritic ingabekezelela amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-950 ° C.
2.3 Duplex Insimbi Pied Engagqwali
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali anesakhiwo esihlanganisa izigaba zombili ze-Auucenite nezaseFerrite. Izinto ezinjengo-2205 no-2507 zivamile. Lawa mapayipi anikela ngamandla aphezulu kanye nokuphikiswa okuhle kokugqwala. Zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezinjengezindawo zasolwandle. Insimbi engenacala ye-Duplex inamandla okuvutha angaba kabili kwinsimbi evamile engagqwali, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza izinsiza.
2.4 Imvula iqinisa ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali
I-tervituration herrening amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali akhiwa ngenqubo yokwelashwa kwesisombululo esiqinile kanye nokuqina kwezulu. Izinto ezivamile zifaka 17-4ph no-15-5ph. Lezi zinsimbi zinezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini futhi zingenziwa lukhuni ukwelashwa okushisa. Imvamisa isetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphezulu nokugqwala.
2,5 Nickel Alloy Pepa Engagqwali
Amapayipi e-nickel alloy angenasici anokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana okushisa okuphezulu. Izinto ezifana ne-Informel 625 ne-Incoloy 800 zivame ukusetshenziswa. Lezi ze-alloys ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-nickel, elinikeza izakhiwo zalo eziphakeme. Bangamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezimo ezinolaka, zibenze balungele izinhlelo zokusebenza kuma-aerospace, amakhemikhali, nasezimbonini ze-petrochemical.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwepayipi lensimbi engenasici
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhemikhali, ama-petrochemical, emithi, ukudla, amandla, ekwakheni, izindiza, i-aerospace kanye nezinye izimboni ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinhle kakhulu.
3.1 Imboni yamakhemikhali
Embonini yamakhemikhali, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali abalulekile ekuthutha amakhemikhali awonakalisayo. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engenasici kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bepayipi futhi kuvimbela ukuvuza okungase kube nobungozi obukhulu bokuphepha kanye nobungozi bezemvelo. Ngokwemiphumela yokucinga, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali angamelana nezinto ezibanzi zamakhemikhali, kufaka phakathi ama-acid, izisekelo, nosawoti. Isibonelo, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali afana ne-316L ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezisebenza ngamakhemikhali ngenxa yokumelana kwawo okuhle kwezindawo ezilimazayo.
3.2 imboni ye-petrochemical
Embonini ye-petrochemical, amapayipi ensimbi angenasici asetshenziselwa ukuthutha uwoyela, igesi, kanye nezinye i-hydrocarbons. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu namandla ensimbi engenasici kwenza kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kuma-conferies namapayipi. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, ngamandla awo aphezulu kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala, asiza kakhulu ku-Offore Oil kanye negesi application lapho imvelo inokhahlo.
3.3 Imboni Yezemithi
Embonini yezemithi, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziselwa ukuthutha izidakamizwa neminye imikhiqizo yezemithi. Izakhiwo ze-Hygienic zensimbi engenasici zenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa emagumbini ahlanzekile nakwezinye izindawo eziyinyumba. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali angahlanzwa kalula futhi acwebezelwe, aqinisekise ubumsulwa bemikhiqizo ehanjiswa.
3.4 imboni yokudla
Embonini yokudla, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziselwa ukucubungula ukudla nokugcinwa. Ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nezakhiwo ze-Hygienic zensimbi engenasici zikwenza kube phephile ukuthintana nokudla. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali nakho kulula ukuwahlanza nokugcina, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha kokudla.
3.5 imboni yamandla
Embonini yamandla, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu namandla ensimbi engenasici kwenza kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kuma-boilers, abashintshi bokushisa namaphaneli elanga. Isibonelo, amapayipi ensimbi angenasici angabekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu aze afike ku-950 ° C, abenze afanelekele ukusetshenziswa kwezicelo ezithile zezitshalo zamandla.
3.6 Imboni yezokwakha
Embonini yezokwakha, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa nasezinhlelweni zamapayipi. Isikhalazo sobuhle nokuqina kwensimbi engenasici kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwabakhi bezakhiwo nabaqambi. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali angasetshenziselwa ukusekelwa okuhlelekile ezakhiweni namabhuloho.
3.7 Imboni yendiza ne-aerospace
Embonini yezindiza kanye ne-aerospace, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziselwa izindiza nezinto ze-spacecraft. Amandla aphezulu nezindawo ezingasindi zensimbi engenasici zikwenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zenjini, amasistimu kaphethiloli, kanye nezinto ezihlelekile. Amapayipi e-Nickel Alloy angenasici, ngokugqwala kwawo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana okushisa okuphezulu, kuvame ukusetshenziswa kulezi zicelo.
Ekuphetheni, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ayizinto ezibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile kanye nokuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene. Noma ngabe ukuthutha amakhemikhali awonakalisayo, ukucubungula ukudla, noma ukwakha izindiza, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene.
4. Isiphetho
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ayizinto eziphawuleka ngempela ezinobubanzi bezicelo ezinzuzweni eziningi. Inhlanganisela yabo eyingqayizivele yokumelana nokugqwala, ukubekezelelana okuphezulu, amandla, kanye nezakhiwo zenhlanzeko zibenza babe ukukhetha okubalulekile emikhakheni eminingi.
Embonini yamakhemikhali, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali aqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okuphephile kwamakhemikhali awonakalisayo, ukuvikela abasebenzi kanye nemvelo. Ngamandla okubekezelela uhla oluhlukile lwezinto zamakhemikhali, badlala indima ebalulekile ekugcinweni kobuqotho bemisebenzi yokucubungula amakhemikhali.
Imboni ye-petrochemical iyazuza ekumelaneni okushisa okuphezulu namandla amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali. Zithembekile ngokuhambisa uwoyela, igesi, kanye nama-hydrocarbons, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi, abhekwa kakhulu ngokuqina kwawo nokugqwala.
Embonini yezemithi, izakhiwo zenhlanzeko zamapayipi ensimbi ezingenasici zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubumsulwa bezidakamizwa nemikhiqizo yezemithi. Ukusebenziseka kalula kokuhlanza nokubulala inzalo kubenza babe yikhethelo elithandwayo lokugcina izindawo ezinyumba.
Imboni yokudla ithembela kumapayipi ensimbi angenasici ukuze acubungulwe ukudla nokugcinwa. Ukuphikiswa kwabo kokugqwala nokuphepha kokuxhumana nokudla kubenze kube yinto evamile ekhishini nasekudleni kokudla. Ukuhambisana nemithetho yezokuphepha yokudla kutholakala kalula ngamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali.
Imboni yamandla isebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ezitshalweni zamandla nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo. Ukumelana nokushisa kwabo okuphezulu kubalulekile kuma-boilers, abashiseli bokushisa namaphaneli elanga. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, enekhono lawo lokubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu, abalulekile kuzicelo ezithile zezitshalo zamandla.
Embonini yezokwakha, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali angeza isikhalazo sobuhle nokuqina. Zisetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa nasezinhlelweni zamapayipi, kanye nokuxhaswa okuhlelekile ezakhiweni namabhuloho.
Imboni yezindiza kanye ne-aerospace incike kumapayipi ensimbi engagqwali wezinto zendiza ne-spacecraft. Amandla abo aphezulu nezakhiwo ezingasindi zizenza zilungele izingxenye zenjini, amasistimu kaphethiloli, nezinto ezihlelekile. Amapayipi e-Nickel Alloy angenasici, ngokugqwala kwawo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana okushisa kakhulu, kubalulekile kulezi zicelo ezifunwayo.
Ekuphetheni, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ayinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Ukubaluleka kwabo kulele emandleni abo okuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezinkambu ezahlukahlukene, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, nokuqina. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buqhubekisela phambili, isidingo samapayipi ensimbi esingenasici kungenzeka ukuthi sihlale siqinile, futhi izingqimba ezengeziwe ekwakhiweni kwazo nokukhiqizwa kuzoqhubeka ukwandisa izinhlelo zabo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Oct-31-2024